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Lombok 是一个强大的工具，可以帮助我们简化代码，提高开发效率，但是如果不恰当地使用，也可能会引入一些问题。本文将为你详述如何避免 Lombok 的常见陷阱。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2>1. 慎用 @Data\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 是一个实用的注解，它包含了 \u003Ccode>@Getter\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@Setter\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>@RequiredArgsConstructor\u003C\u002Fcode>。这在一般情况下非常方便，但是当你需要自定义一些方法时，就可能会遇到问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>例如，你可能需要自定义 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法，但是由于 \u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解自动生成了这些方法，所以你的自定义方法会被覆盖。为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 的 \u003Ccode>callSuper\u003C\u002Fcode> 属性。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)\npublic class MyEntity extends BaseEntity {\n    \u002F\u002F...\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>这样做可以确保父类的 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法也被调用。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>此外，\u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解也会生成所有字段的 getter 和 setter 方法，如果你的字段中包含了一些不应该被外部访问或修改的数据，这可能会导致问题。在这种情况下，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>@Setter(AccessLevel.NONE)\u003C\u002Fcode> 来禁止生成特定字段的 getter 和 setter 方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>@Data\npublic class MyEntity {\n    @Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)\n    private String sensitiveData;\n    \u002F\u002F...\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch2>2. 注意 \u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode> 的循环引用问题\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解非常实用，但是在处理含有循环引用的数据结构时，必须要小心。例如，你有一个双向链表或者一个树形结构，其中的元素互相引用。这样的话，当你调用 \u003Ccode>toString\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法时，就可能会出现无限循环的情况，最后导致栈溢出。为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@ToString.Exclude\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解来排除掉会导致循环引用的字段。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>public class TreeNode {\n    private TreeNode parent;\n    private TreeNode child;\n\n    @ToString.Exclude\n    public TreeNode getParent() {\n        return parent;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F...\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch2>3. \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 与懒加载\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>当你使用 JPA 或 Hibernate 这样的 ORM 框架时，你可能会使用到懒加载（Lazy Loading）特性。这意味着，某些字段在第一次被访问时才会被加载。而如果你在这样的字段上使用了 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解，可能会在你并不希望加载这些字段的情况下触发它们的加载。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)\u003C\u002Fcode>，然后在你想要包含在 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法中的字段上使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode.Include\u003C\u002Fcode>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)\npublic class MyEntity {\n    @EqualsAndHashCode.Include\n    private Long id;\n\n    @OneToMany\n    private List<MyOtherEntity> otherEntities;\n\n    \u002F\u002F...\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>在这个例子中，\u003Ccode>otherEntities\u003C\u002Fcode> 字段不会被包含在 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法中，所以在计算这些方法时，不会触发它的加载。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2>4. 小心 \u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode> 是一个非常有用的注解，它可以让你 "偷偷" 抛出受检异常，而无需在方法签名中声明它们。但是这也可能会引起一些问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>首先，你的代码的调用者可能并不知道你的方法可能会抛出哪些受检异常，这可能会导致他们在处理异常时疏忽。为了解决这个问题，你应该在你的方法的文档注释中明确说明可能会抛出哪些异常。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>其次，\u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode> 会将受检异常包装在 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode> 中抛出，如果你的代码的调用者捕获了 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode>，并且没有检查它的原因，那么他们可能会错过受检异常。为了解决这个问题，你应该尽量避免在你的方法中直接抛出 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode>，而是应该抛出具体的异常类型。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2>5. 不要滥用 Lombok\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>虽然 Lombok 的注解可以极大地简化我们的代码，但是这并不意味着我们应该在所有地方都使用它。在一些情况下，手动编写代码可能会更好。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>例如，你可能需要自定义某个字段的 getter 或 setter 方法，或者你需要自定义 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 或 \u003Ccode>toString\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法。在这些情况下，使用 Lombok 的注解可能会导致你的自定义代码被覆盖。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>此外，过度使用 Lombok 的注解也可能会使你的代码变得难以理解。你的同事或未来的你可能会对一些自动生成的方法感到困惑，例如，他们可能会不清楚某个方法是从哪里来的，或者为什么某个方法的行为和预期不一致。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>因此，虽然 Lombok 是一个强大的工具，但是我们也需要明智地使用它。我们应该始终保持警惕，确保我们的代码不仅简洁，而且易于理解和维护。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2>总结\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>总的来说，Lombok 是一个非常有用的工具，在企业级开发中，它可以极大地提高我们的开发效率，除非有自定义的情况，需要谨慎处理外，它是利大于弊的存在。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n13:T2863,\u003Cp>尽管 Lombok 是一个强大的工具，可以帮助我们简化代码，提高开发效率，但是如果不恰当地使用，也可能会引入一些问题。本文将为你详述如何避免 Lombok 的常见陷阱。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-0\">1. 慎用 @Data\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 是一个实用的注解，它包含了 \u003Ccode>@Getter\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@Setter\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>@RequiredArgsConstructor\u003C\u002Fcode>。这在一般情况下非常方便，但是当你需要自定义一些方法时，就可能会遇到问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>例如，你可能需要自定义 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法，但是由于 \u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解自动生成了这些方法，所以你的自定义方法会被覆盖。为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 的 \u003Ccode>callSuper\u003C\u002Fcode> 属性。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"language-java\" data-ext=\"java\" data-code=\"%40EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper%20%3D%20true)%0Apublic%20class%20MyEntity%20extends%20BaseEntity%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F...%0A%7D%0A\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"vp-copy-code-button\" data-copy data-copied=\"已复制\" aria-label=\"复制代码\">\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-java\">\u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>callSuper \u003Cspan class=\"token operator\">=\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token boolean\">true\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">public\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">class\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">MyEntity\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">extends\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">BaseEntity\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">{\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token comment\">\u002F\u002F...\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>这样做可以确保父类的 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法也被调用。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>此外，\u003Ccode>@Data\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解也会生成所有字段的 getter 和 setter 方法，如果你的字段中包含了一些不应该被外部访问或修改的数据，这可能会导致问题。在这种情况下，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>@Setter(AccessLevel.NONE)\u003C\u002Fcode> 来禁止生成特定字段的 getter 和 setter 方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"language-java\" data-ext=\"java\" data-code=\"%40Data%0Apublic%20class%20MyEntity%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%40Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)%0A%20%20%20%20private%20String%20sensitiveData%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F...%0A%7D%0A\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"vp-copy-code-button\" data-copy data-copied=\"已复制\" aria-label=\"复制代码\">\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-java\">\u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@Data\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">public\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">class\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">MyEntity\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">{\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@Getter\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">AccessLevel\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token constant\">NONE\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">private\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">String\u003C\u002Fspan> sensitiveData\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token comment\">\u002F\u002F...\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-1\">2. 注意 \u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode> 的循环引用问题\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@ToString\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解非常实用，但是在处理含有循环引用的数据结构时，必须要小心。例如，你有一个双向链表或者一个树形结构，其中的元素互相引用。这样的话，当你调用 \u003Ccode>toString\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法时，就可能会出现无限循环的情况，最后导致栈溢出。为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@ToString.Exclude\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解来排除掉会导致循环引用的字段。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"language-java\" data-ext=\"java\" data-code=\"public%20class%20TreeNode%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20private%20TreeNode%20parent%3B%0A%20%20%20%20private%20TreeNode%20child%3B%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%40ToString.Exclude%0A%20%20%20%20public%20TreeNode%20getParent()%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20parent%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F...%0A%7D%0A\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"vp-copy-code-button\" data-copy data-copied=\"已复制\" aria-label=\"复制代码\">\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-java\">\u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">public\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">class\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">TreeNode\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">{\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">private\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">TreeNode\u003C\u002Fspan> parent\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">private\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">TreeNode\u003C\u002Fspan> child\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@ToString.Exclude\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">public\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">TreeNode\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token function\">getParent\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">)\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">{\u003C\u002Fspan>\n        \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">return\u003C\u002Fspan> parent\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token comment\">\u002F\u002F...\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-2\">3. \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 与懒加载\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>当你使用 JPA 或 Hibernate 这样的 ORM 框架时，你可能会使用到懒加载（Lazy Loading）特性。这意味着，某些字段在第一次被访问时才会被加载。而如果你在这样的字段上使用了 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 注解，可能会在你并不希望加载这些字段的情况下触发它们的加载。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>为了避免这种情况，你可以使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)\u003C\u002Fcode>，然后在你想要包含在 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法中的字段上使用 \u003Ccode>@EqualsAndHashCode.Include\u003C\u002Fcode>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"language-java\" data-ext=\"java\" data-code=\"%40EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded%20%3D%20true)%0Apublic%20class%20MyEntity%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%40EqualsAndHashCode.Include%0A%20%20%20%20private%20Long%20id%3B%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%40OneToMany%0A%20%20%20%20private%20List%3CMyOtherEntity%3E%20otherEntities%3B%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F...%0A%7D%0A\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"vp-copy-code-button\" data-copy data-copied=\"已复制\" aria-label=\"复制代码\">\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-java\">\u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@EqualsAndHashCode\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>onlyExplicitlyIncluded \u003Cspan class=\"token operator\">=\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token boolean\">true\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">public\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">class\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">MyEntity\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">{\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@EqualsAndHashCode.Include\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">private\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">Long\u003C\u002Fspan> id\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token annotation punctuation\">@OneToMany\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token keyword\">private\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">List\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token generics\">\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token class-name\">MyOtherEntity\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan> otherEntities\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\n    \u003Cspan class=\"token comment\">\u002F\u002F...\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"token punctuation\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>在这个例子中，\u003Ccode>otherEntities\u003C\u002Fcode> 字段不会被包含在 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode> 和 \u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法中，所以在计算这些方法时，不会触发它的加载。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-3\">4. 小心 \u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode> 是一个非常有用的注解，它可以让你 "偷偷" 抛出受检异常，而无需在方法签名中声明它们。但是这也可能会引起一些问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>首先，你的代码的调用者可能并不知道你的方法可能会抛出哪些受检异常，这可能会导致他们在处理异常时疏忽。为了解决这个问题，你应该在你的方法的文档注释中明确说明可能会抛出哪些异常。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>其次，\u003Ccode>@SneakyThrows\u003C\u002Fcode> 会将受检异常包装在 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode> 中抛出，如果你的代码的调用者捕获了 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode>，并且没有检查它的原因，那么他们可能会错过受检异常。为了解决这个问题，你应该尽量避免在你的方法中直接抛出 \u003Ccode>RuntimeException\u003C\u002Fcode>，而是应该抛出具体的异常类型。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-4\">5. 不要滥用 Lombok\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>虽然 Lombok 的注解可以极大地简化我们的代码，但是这并不意味着我们应该在所有地方都使用它。在一些情况下，手动编写代码可能会更好。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>例如，你可能需要自定义某个字段的 getter 或 setter 方法，或者你需要自定义 \u003Ccode>equals\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>hashCode\u003C\u002Fcode> 或 \u003Ccode>toString\u003C\u002Fcode> 方法。在这些情况下，使用 Lombok 的注解可能会导致你的自定义代码被覆盖。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>此外，过度使用 Lombok 的注解也可能会使你的代码变得难以理解。你的同事或未来的你可能会对一些自动生成的方法感到困惑，例如，他们可能会不清楚某个方法是从哪里来的，或者为什么某个方法的行为和预期不一致。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>因此，虽然 Lombok 是一个强大的工具，但是我们也需要明智地使用它。我们应该始终保持警惕，确保我们的代码不仅简洁，而且易于理解和维护。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"toc-5\">总结\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>总的来说，Lombok 是一个非常有用的工具，在企业级开发中，它可以极大地提高我们的开发效率，除非有自定义的情况，需要谨慎处理外，它是利大于弊的存在。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>"]